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LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 






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Chapter I 

FACTS AND NOT THEORIES 

ABOUT LIFE ON THIS 

EARTH 



Chapter I 

FACTS AND NOT THEORIES 

ABOUT LIFE ON THIS 

EARTH 

A pure theorist is one who on occasion 
can altogether part company with facts. 
Such persons are particularly numerous 
when the subject of the origin and nature 
of Life is under discussion, for they find 
it affords such wing to speculation that 
they need no approach to facts. There- 
fore both in ancient and in modern times 
we hear life spoken of as a great ocean 
from which every individual life is derived 
and to which it shall return. 

Thus a Hindu taking up a little water 
from the River Ganges in the palm of his 
hand said, " There is the life of man as 

9 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

he now lives here/ 5 and emptying it back 
into the great flowing river, "there is 
man returning to the whence from which 
he came/' Such pantheistic conceptions 
have always had a fascination for many 
minds who claim to worship great ideas 
instead of great things. Ideas are their 
only realities, and everything else they 
look upon as below their notice. This 
they can well do so long as they keep clear 
of the great subject of life, because life 
on this earth, which is the only life we can 
observe and know anything about, does 
not exist apart from living things, as the 
first mosquito that bites them would show. 
To them, however, everything is one, and 
one is everything. This compels them 
sooner or later to confound subject and 
object as one and the same, in order to 
escape from dualism. Hence when a man 
is looking at that interesting object, the 
moon, as he is the subject which sees that 

10 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

object the moon, therefore he and the 
moon are one, a conclusion which only 
lunatics would draw. 

Life is encountered everywhere on this 
earth, but always obstinately refuses to 
present itself except in separate living 
forms. Life here belongs to nothing 
which is either universal or general, rather 
it is invariably individual and particular. 
It is in vain that we can look for some ex- 
ception to this certain fact by hunting for 
life with the microscope, though there we 
actually meet with the largest department 
of the living kingdom whose forms, how- 
ever minute, never merge into each other 
or into anything else, any more than cows 
merge into sheep. Among bacteria, 
tho eight billions of a larger form can 
find room in the space of a pin's head, not 
one of these billions ever merges into the 
rest, any more than the blades of grass 
will mix on a prairie. Nor is the case any 

11 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

different if we turn to those powerful 
agents like the virus of hydrophobia or of 
yellow fever, which are too small to be seen 
by any microscope. Every biologist, or 
student of life, is certain that these are as 
distinct and specific as any species which 
are visible, for hydrophobia no more re- 
sembles yellow fever than a horse looks 
like a fish. 

Life indeed is much the most important 
fact that we know of. If this earth were 
without life it would certainly be an un- 
interesting vacuum, as uninteresting as 
lifeless, interstellar space. But as it is, it 
furnishes an endless variety, not of ideas, 
but of important facts. 

Hence we cannot escape asking the 
question whether life associated with ma- 
terial bodies exists elsewhere than on this 
earth. The answer is that at best it must 
be very scarce in the universe, owing to 
one certain fact, namely, the extremely 

12 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

narrow range of temperature in which 
physical life is possible. The temperature 
212°, or that of boiling water, usually 
sterilizes or kills all life. But the temper- 
ature of the sun is estimated at 13,000°, 
and storms rage in its hot atmosphere, be- 
side which the worst earthly cyclone would 
be but a gentle zephyr. But our sun is 
relatively a cool body among those fiery 
suns called the fixed stars. Professor 
Simon Newcomb calculates that the 
mighty Canopus is 100,000 times larger, 
and 100,000 times hotter than our sun, 
so that if the earth were to approach Ca- 
nopus as near as it is to the sun, that is 
about 90,000,000 of miles off, it would be 
instantly vaporized. 

Theories, however, are tHe most elastic 
of things. Hence as no one can think of 
peopling burning suns, theorists imagine 
that these may have numerous planets, 

IS 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

and that all which is needed in a planet 
is to be a planet, and it will then have in- 
telligent inhabitants just as it has rocks 
and stones. As no fixed star has yet been 
discovered with planets, it is taken for 
granted that these are too small to be vis- 
ible at such a distance. However, since 
so many of the fixed stars are double, what 
would happen to planets revolving around 
or between them is not hard to imagine. 

Our only course, therefore, is to come 
back to our own sun and its planets, for 
these can give us facts instead of hypoth- 
eses, and these facts show that not one of 
the sun's planets except the earth is the 
abode of life. Thus Venus, which is the 
nearest to us, and almost the size of the 
earth, cannot support life, because it al- 
ways turns the same face to the sun as the 
moon does to us. Its people, therefore, 
would be persistently scorched on one side 

14 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

of that planet, while on the other side they 
would be frozen stiff in their cold, unend- 
ing night. The case is just the same with 
the planet Mercury. We must therefore 
turn to the other planets, Mars, Jupiter, 
Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Jupiter is 
certainly big enough for a great popula- 
tion because it is 1,300 times larger than 
the earth, but Jupiter is of such low spe- 
cific gravity that it must be largely made 
up of fluids and vapors. Our own solid 
earth, which is seven times heavier than 
if it were all granite, would go clean 
through Jupiter, if it hit him, as easily 
as a bullet would traverse a large pumpkin. 
But if Jupiter has a solid surface, which 
astronomers doubt, then according to the 
law that the weight of a body at its sur- 
face is directly proportional to the plan- 
et's mass, a man who weighs 140 pounds 
here, on Jupiter would weigh considerably 

15 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

over ten tons, a very inconvenient weight 
for either walking or dancing. 

Conditions for life are no better on 
Saturn, Uranus, or Neptune, for astron- 
omers are generally of the opinion that 
all four of these planets, including Jupi- 
ter, are in much the same state as the earth 
was before it cooled so as to have a solid 
surface largely covered with water and 
surrounded by its atmosphere. 

There remains little Mars, which has a 
diameter of 4,000 miles, or about half that 
of the earth, with a corresponding amount 
of light and heat. Mars has lately been 
the favorite planet with theorists, but the 
facts are that it has an atmosphere, tho, 
as thin as that on the top of our Andes. 
It has periods of summer and of winter, 
during which its poles alternately turn 
white as if from snow. Its surface is 
marked with long straight lines which the 
astronomer Lowell takes to be veritable 

16 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

canals dug by its inhabitants. But we 
must protest against astronomers having 
anything to say about life, for their only 
instrument is the telescope, while the in- 
strument of the biologist, or student of 
life, is the microscope. The training of an 
astronomer no more fits him to speak' 
about life than it fits him to understand 
Chinese, as Mr. Lowell shows when, in- 
stead of primitive rhizopods or sponges, 
he finds on Mars engineers with the pow- 
ers of archangels digging canals beside 
which the Panama Canal would be like a 
farmer's ditch. More recent telescopes, 
however, with larger apertures, have al- 
tered the appearance of these markings 
on Mars, and made them like the results 
of simply physical agencies similar to the 
great rifts in the Antarctic ice cap. 

What is left to us, therefore, is the story 
of life upon this earth, and that presents 
us with enough facts to claim our whole 

17 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

attention, because that story is fully illus- 
trated by remains in the rocky strata of 
the globe, so well preserved that the most 
delicate ferns have left perfect imprints in 
what are now masses of solid rock. 



18 



Chapter II 

THREE GREAT EPOCHS IN 

THE HISTORY OF LIFE ON 

THIS EARTH 



Chapter II 

THREE GREAT EPOCHS IN 

THE HISTORY OF LIFE ON 

THIS EARTH 

The story of life on this earth presents 
three great epochs in its development. 
The first is when microscopic unicellular 
or single-celled forms held the field for 
untold ages exclusively to themselves, and 
have left great portions of the earth's 
crust to mark their work. All limestones 
for example were made by them. To this 
day these microscopic forms constitute 
the largest division of the kingdom of life, 
because whereas all visible forms, wheth- 
er plant or animal, are necessarily local, 
the microscopic forms are everywhere 
where life is possible. They therefore 

21 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

hold very important relations to the other 
divisions of the living kingdom, for all 
plants and animals would soon cease to 
exist but for them. 

The second epoch occurred during what 
is called the Cambrian period of geology, 
whose rocks contain the first known re- 
mains of multicellular instead of unicellu- 
lar forms of life. This marks a por- 
tentous change from the former period, 
because, whereas before every living cell 
existed by itself and for itself, and multi- 
plied only by simple division, new cells 
then appeared whose business it was to co- 
operate with each other and thus form a 
multicellular body as our own bodies are 
now. We must keep these facts in mind 
in order adequately to appreciate what a 
change took place upon the advent of 
cells bound together to cooperate with 
one another to form a multicellular body. 
From this time on every kind of progress 

22 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

became possible because so universally, 
and yet so nicely is one part of a multi- 
cellular body related to the others that 
Professor Richard Owen, by studying the 
relations of a single tooth finally correctly 
reconstructed the whole animal, as was 
afterwards proved by the discovery of its 
fossil remains. 

But now another important element ap- 
pears. The tissues of a multicellular 
body are by no means all of the same rank. 
Some are merely mechanical in their func- 
tions, such as the tendons and ligaments 
or the cartilages which cushion the sur- 
faces of joints. But other cells are for 
necessary secretions. Other cells again 
are much higher in rank than the preced- 
ing, namely, the muscle cells, but the high- 
est of all is a new cell altogether, the nerve 
cell, furnishing the most perfect instru- 
ment for promoting quick coordination in 
the whole body. Thus it is difficult to 

23 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

measure the distance between the animal 
called Stentor, which has only one affer- 
ent nerve bringing a sensation to its one 
center, and one efferent nerve which re- 
acts to the stimulus, and the vast array 
of associated centers with their connect- 
ing fibers in the nervous system of a cat. 
But what is the problem which now con- 
fronts us? Bacteria might multiply to 
infinity and still remain only bacteria, just 
as bricks would never themselves make a 
great building, but only a pile of bricks. 
Yet now that infinitely complex organ- 
ization found in an ear takes the place of 
separate cells, however numerous, it is 
plain that we have passed into a world 
altogether unlike that of the first epoch 
in which life began. 



24 



Chapter III 

THE THIRD EPOCH, THAT OF 
PERSONAL BEINGS 



Chapter III 

THE THIRD EPOCH, THAT OF 
PERSONAL BEINGS 

The third great epoch in the life history 
of this earth is so different from anything 
which preceded* it that it can neither be 
called an evolution nor a development of 
any sort. It can be denoted only by the 
Latin phrase sui generis. Preceding it in 
time the ascending development of ani- 
mal forms had culminated in the anthro- 
poid apes. Biologists then correctly in- 
cluded among the primates the animal 
Homo, because there can be no doubt that 
physically he is as much an animal as the 
rest. 

But Man is infinitely more than an ani- 
mal, while there is absolutely nothing in 

n 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

his physical frame which explains why he 
is so. In every other animal its physical 
development explains everything, but 
nothing physical explains Man. It is 
foolish to seek in the human brain for that 
explanation, because this is closely pat- 
terned after the brain of the chimpanzee 
which contains every lobe and lobule 
found in the human brain. But to all 
eternity the chimpanzee with his brain 
could not overtake Man. The light of the 
sun takes eight minutes to reach the earth, 
while it takes the light of Alpha Cen- 
tauri, the nearest to us of the fixed stars, 
four years and a half to do the same 
thing. But this is an imperfect compar- 
ison with which to illustrate the difference 
between the animal Homo and Man. 

The sole and sufficient explanation of 
all this is that, besides being an animal, 
Man is a Person, which no other earthly 
creature is. Personality is the greatest 

28 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

fact in the universe, and Man has all the 
attributes of personality. Owing to his 
personality he can learn, he can know, he 
can be, and he can do everything, as he 
would show if he had that life which is 
unmeasured by the flight of years, instead 
of the brief space of time allotted to him 
on this little earth. Even now he has 
changed the whole face of the world, tho 
with a material body which is too weak 
to bear the weight of his conscious will 
without resting from that burden in un- 
conscious sleep for one third of his bodily 
existence. As an engineer, he can look 
up from the base of the greatest mountain 
ranges, and forthwith tunnel a highway 
for the nations through them, or he can 
span the widest rivers with a bridge, 
every bolt or wire of which existed in his 
mind before it existed on earth. As mas- 
ter of the forces of Nature, thunder no 
longer awes or frightens him, for he has 

29 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

made electricity literally his menial serv- 
ant, whether in the kitchen, or to traverse 
wires over land or on the sea bottom to 
convey his messages. More than that, he 
dispenses with wires and all tangible 
things to make the mysterious Ether talk 
for him across the oceans. The Ether fills 
all space, but does not this show that man's 
mind does the same thing? By a small 
glass prism he learns what the most dis- 
tant fixed stars are made of. 

Yet all such achievements come from 
but one small side of him. He can also 
be a great scientist, a great thinker, states- 
man, financier, mathematician, philos- 
opher or poet, in fact anything which re- 
quires mind and means mind. But why? 
Because he is an animal? 

There is something almost pathetic in 
the conclusions of Huxley and some of 
his contemporaries, that because they had 
shown how man's body had been preceded 

30 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

by connected stages of evolution up to 
the ape's physical frame, therefore Man 
was thus accounted for by science! And 
to this day many are under the delusion 
that the animal Homo can explain the per- 
son Man, 

Personality instead is always and for- 
ever invisible. As once I left the Went- 
worth Hotel in Portsmouth, New Hamp- 
shire, because of the expected crowd when 
the Russian and Japanese ambassadors 
were coming there to negotiate peace, I 
thought how much the Russian Witte 
would have given if he could telegraph to 
St. Petersburg that he had actually seen 
the Japanese Komura. All that he saw, 
or could see was the courteous and smiling 
face of the Oriental and no more. Man, 
because he is like God, is as unseen by 
mortal eye as God himself. 



31 



Chapter IV 
THE BRAIN 



Chapter IV 

THE BRAIN 

Having treated of personality at length, 
the modern reader may ask whether per- 
sonality is not located in the Brain. It is 
well that we turn to this now universally 
admitted fact that the brain is the organ 
of the mind, if we would escape falling 
into the morass of metaphysics. This is 
because metaphysicians for ages have dis- 
cussed the origin and nature of personality 
without coming to any agreement on the 
subject. As metaphysics has thus become 
discredited, many modern writers have 
substituted for it the name Psychology. 
But this is only a change in name and not 
in fact, as a critical examination of their 
speculations show. 

35 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

But we must first note that for many 
centuries the world had no suspicion that 
the brain had anything to do with the 
mind. The word brain does not once occur 
in the Bible. Its writers instead looked 
upon the heart as the seat of the feelings, 
and upon the bowels as the seat of the 
emotions, while the mind, or intellect, was 
in the kidneys. Thus one psalmist says, 
"My reins (kidneys) instruct me in the 
night seasons," and Jeremiah rebukes the 
hypocrites of his day who had the Lord 
on their tongues, but not in their kidneys. 
Nor were the Greeks better informed, for 
Aristotle says that the chief business of 
the brain was to cool the blood for the 
heart! 

We now know that the brain can be 
used for any special mental processes only 
after a material place in it has been pre- 
pared or organized for each such process. 
Thus a man is found one morning wholly 

36 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

unable to utter a word, tho he can under- 
stand whatever is spoken to him. This 
disability is explained by the fact that the 
brain in one particular place has been 
ruined by an apoplectic clot. Another 
person, suddenly, and without any warn- 
ing, cannot read a word in either book or 
newspaper. This is not due to any fault 
in his eyes, for he can see everything else 
as well as ever, but he cannot read a word, 
because he has become word blind. This 
also is because the special brain seat for 
reading has been spoiled. Or he can read 
French, but not his native English. This 
also is because his brain seat for English 
has been destroyed, but not the French 
place. Or his ability both to speak and 
to read may be wholly gone, but he can 
read and calculate in figures as well as 
ever. This shows that while both the 
places for speaking and for reading had 
been ruined, the brain seat for figures is 

37 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

in another locality, and in his case escaped 
harm. 

Now to the end of time neither meta- 
physicians nor psychologists would have 
discovered these great facts, nor again 
their important bearing on the questions 
of the relations of the brain to the mind 
and to the personality. Hence many of 
them resent this exclusion from discus- 
sions about things mental, and complain 
that these facts have been discovered only 
at the bedside or on the post-mortem table, 
instead of in the depths of their own con- 
sciousness. Yet science is but another 
name for the knowledge of facts, and in 
nothing does the medical profession so 
justly claim to be scientific, as in thus at- 
tending to its own business of investigat- 
ing the brain, whether in health or in dis- 
ease. 

Moreover other great facts have been 
discovered along this line of investigation. 

38 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

Anatomists had long been aware that the 
brain is a true pair organ like the two 
eyes, the two ears, the two hands, and the 
two feet, as it consists of two perfectly 
matched hemispheres. But in the human 
being it was found that only one of the 
brain hemispheres was the organ of the 
mind and personality, that mind which is 
so marvelous in faculty, and that person- 
ality which is so infinitely above the brute 
creation. It is with one hemisphere only 
that a person can learn to speak, to know, 
to remember, to purpose and to do any- 
thing, while the other hemisphere in his 
head is not used for any mental act what- 
ever, but only has the power to receive 
the sensations, and to move the muscles 
of its corresponding half of the body. 
This fact alone suffices to show that brain 
matter of itself can neither think nor do 
anything, because if it could, then both 
hemispheres would equally share in mind, 

39 



\ 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

and in the attributes of personality, which 
is not at all the case. 

But we were not born so. At birth 
neither hemisphere knows anything. No 
one has ever come into this world able to 
do anything except to cry, but not to 
speak a word in any language. Soon, 
however, the baby shows that it is begin- 
ning to learn, and at first it seems to learn 
by the use of its busy little hands. The 
- hand then most used wholly determines 
which of its two hemispheres is going on 
to learn what only a human brain can 
learn. If it be the exclusively human 
faculty of speech, the brain centers for 
speech will be found in the left hemisphere, 
if the baby is right handed, because the 
brain fibers which move the muscles cross 
in their paths, so that the left hemisphere 
governs the muscles of the right side of 
the body, while the right hemisphere gov- 
erns those of the left side. But what does 

40 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

this prove? It proves that both hemi- 
spheres are equally good for becoming 
human in faculty, but only one of them 
achieves this high distinction according to 
its relation to the most used hand. 

As the special material seats of these 
great mental faculties are found in adults 
in the left hemisphere of the right handed, 
and in the right hemisphere of the left 
handed, the question arises, how does the 
hand come to hold such a relation to them? 
The answer is, that the child begins to make 
its wants known to others by gestures with 
the hand, and to the end of life gestures 
continue to accompany or actually to take 
the place of language. Besides this, the 
child is constantly trying to find out what 
things are by its hand or its sense of touch. 
Now the brain centers governing hand 
movements are in close proximity to the 
centers for moving the lips and tongue, 
and the child therefore soon adds vocal 

41 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

speech to gesture speech, till by constant 
repetition the speech centers in the brain 
are accordingly organized. 

As the brain centers could not of them- 
selves turn into speech centers, else both 
hemispheres would speak spontaneously, 
how are these centers formed in only one 
hemisphere? The answer is, that they are 
formed, or, in other words, created by the 
child's own personality, and not at all by 
its brain, which is the mere, passive in- 
strument of the personality. This is 
proved when, in after years, the person 
wants to learn a new language in addition 
to that of his mother tongue. He can 
neither do this offhand, nor easily, and no 
one can do it for him. He must do it all 
himself by unremitting, hard work, which 
will take months or years. Often the per- 
son quits the task before it is well finished, 
because it makes him weary. But if he at 
last succeds, what has happened in his 

42 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

brain? A new brain layer has been cre- 
ated in his head for talking, say French, 
which is then laid over the old English 
layer, but so independent of it that the 
English layer may be ruined by an apo- 
plectic clot, so that he can no longer talk 
English, but he can still talk French. 

What is true of the brain centers for 
speech, has also been shown to be true 
about any mental endowment which has 
been slowly acquired by practice. Thus 
the case of a tailor is mentioned, who sud- 
denly lost all ability to make clothes, and 
had to learn another trade. More than 
one case of accomplished musicians has 
been published, who as suddenly lost all 
ability to distinguish tunes, because of an 
injury to the music center in the temporal 
lobe of the brain. Now neither a tailor 
nor a musician could become proficient in 
their respective acquirements by proxy — 
they, personally, and no others must gain 

43 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

these things for themselves. These facts 
indubitably show that only by the invisible 
personality can the brain have in it organ- 
ized, special, material places for those 
great mental endowments which distin- 
guish our race. On that account every 
mental power of every kind, which has 
had to be acquired by prolonged effort on 
the part of the man himself, is the most 
personal of all things. A great mathe- 
matician, a great chemist, a great scien- 
tist of any kind has become so solely after 
years of hard work, and now we learn the 
reason. Brain centers can be formed in 
such cases only by the efforts of the pos- 
sessors of these kinds of knowledge. It 
is the sculptor himself, slowly and with 
stroke after stroke who makes a statue out 
of marble, and likewise it is not the brain, 
but the man himself who gains preemi- 
nence in anything. 

Physicians were once charged with be- 
44 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

ing the most materialistic of all profes- 
sional men, but they are now coming for- 
ward with discoveries about the unseen 
personality in us, which furnish the most 
convincing arguments of all against the 
doctrines of materialism. 



45 



Chapter V 
IMMORTALITY 



Chapter V 

IMMORTALITY 

With every person his own existence is 
the greatest of certainties. Whatever 
there be outside of him, whether it be only 
an appearance or not, he knows that he 
exists because he can always say, " I am." 
Modern science also proves that this " I " 
is no more in his brain that it is in his 
hand or foot, for either can be amputated 
without any part of his personality going 
with it any more than if his hair were cut. 
This could not happen if he was his body, 
or the body was himself. 

In fact there is no room for personality 
in the brain, for as we have just shown, 
one half of it does not think at all, while 
the other half which thinks, does so be- 

49 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

cause the man has taught it to do so, using 
either of the hemispheres which happens 
to be the more convenient to him when he 
begins. 

It is owing to the instinctive recogni- 
tion that the real self in us is not the same 
with perishable flesh and blood, that all 
mankind have believed in personal immor- 
tality. This fixed conviction is so univer- 
sal in the human race that it is as generic 
as the faculty of speech itself. It may take 
different forms here and there, but its es- 
sential oneness remains the same through 
them all. Among the Chinese and the 
Japanese, who together constitute one- 
third of the peoples of the earth, and who 
certainly are not a whit inferior, intellec- 
tually, to the rest, it takes the form of be- 
lief in the continued existence after death 
of their ancestors whom they worship as 
now supernatural beings. This faith in 
the power of their ancestors caused us all 

50 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

to be amazed with the dispatch of Admiral 
Togo to the Mikado after his great battle 
in the Sea of Japan where he destroyed 
the Russian fleet. " It was not owing to 
our bravery or skill or devotion," he wrote, 
" but solely because of the power of your 
Majesty's ancestors." Indeed we can 
scarcely appreciate the hold of this con- 
viction upon the minds and lives of those 
eastern peoples, because it is so contrary 
to our own modes of thought. A gentle- 
man who lived a number of years in the 
city of Amoy in China told me that he 
could secure any number among the com- 
mon people of that town to commit sui- 
cide for one hundred dollars apiece. As 
human nature is the same everywhere, he 
explained that as we may find many who 
will lay down their lives for their country, 
and whom we highly honor on that ac- 
count, so an ordinary Chinaman is will- 
ing thus to die for the benefit of his chil- 

51 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

dren in order that they may worship him 
afterward as an ancestor who died for their 
benefit. This explains also that noble rev- 
erence for their parents which the Chinese 
display, because their parents will soon be 
endowed with all the mysterious powers of 
the next world. Chinese statesman will 
also submit to the greatest personal incon- 
venience in the cessation of their public 
functions during the long period of their 
mourning for the death of either father or 
mother. It should, however, be noted that 
this doctrine of immortality gives rise di- 
rectly to sheer atheism. Since their an- 
cestors are all-sufficient for the direction 
and gudiance of their descendants on 
earth, so there is no need for God, whose 
name they have even forgotten. Chris- 
tian missionaries, therefore, have found it 
difficult to agree upon a name in the Chi- 
nese language for Our Supreme Being. 
The doctrine of human immortality, there- 

52 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

fore, does not necessarily lead to anything 
like Christian faith. Yet so strong is the 
hold of this belief in the survival of their 
ancestors after deaths that it overrides 
everything else, both in their philosophy 
and in their religion. Hence Confucian- 
ism is powerless against it, for Confucius 
taught nothing but a system of ethics 
which enjoined how men here in this world 
should behave to one another. Buddhism, 
which so many millions among those east- 
ern races profess, is really not a religion 
at all, but a system of philosophy. Start- 
ing with the premise that evil comes from 
consciousness which is the source of all 
appetites and desires, therefore the high- 
est attainment of the Buddhist is to pass 
into Nirvana, which is an eternal state of 
unconsciousness. But this certainly is not 
the state of Togo's powerful spirits who 
defeated the Russians. 

It is easy to show how fundamentally 
53 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

opposed to Christian truth this doctrine 
is. It peoples the next world with innu- 
merable millions of human spirits whose 
nature is not a whit changed from that 
centric principle of self and of self-inter- 
est which actuates men who have not been 
spiritually changed on this earth. Such 
an immortality therefore would be noth- 
ing but the worst condition of existence 
that can be imagined. 

We have said that faith in human im- 
mortality is universal in the human race. 
Among the vast peoples of Christendom, 
of Mohammedanism and of the Jews it is 
of course a fundamental doctrine, but so 
it has been always and everywhere. The 
ancient Egyptian was no simpleton. The 
more we learn about that remarkable peo- 
ple the higher rises our estimate of their 
mental ability. But the Egyptian thought 
more about the other world than he did of 
this, and raised the mightiest of human 

54 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

structures, the pyramids, to mark his tomb. 
The Book of the Dead is his one literary 
legacy to the world. Nor is his belief a 
product only of advanced thought. It is 
too instinctive for that, and is equally 
shared with the rest by dwellers in wig- 
wams as by those living in palaces. We 
all know what the American Indian meant 
by his Happy Hunting Grounds. Like- 
wise when and wherever men are sane and 
natural, death appears simply as an earth- 
ly accident, which instead of finishing the 
personality sets it free for a wider life. 



55 



Chapter VI 

THE VERDICT OF HISTORY AS 
TO HUMAN NATURE 



Chapter VI 

THE VERDICT OF HISTORY AS 
TO HUMAN NATURE 

It was not until men lost their self-respect 
by submitting to tyrants that traces of 
weakening of a belief in the future life 
began to appear, as when Greece entered 
upon her decay, and the Roman Horace 
jested about throwing away his shield 
while he ran from the field of Philippi. 

This is also illustrated by that exclu- 
sively human performance, a funeral. It 
was the belief in the existence of a here- 
after which was the origin of funerals. 
Twenty thousand years ago the cave 
dwellers had their funeral rites, and bur- 
ied with the deceased their implements, 
and in the case of children their toys, as if 

59 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

they were to be used in the world beyond. 
Hence we ourselves can stretch the hand 
of sympathy across the thousands of years 
to these primitive men and women who 
wept over their dead, while, like us, they 
felt what a grievous disappointment to the 
human heart death is. 

But, as we well know, the most personal 
of all things is character. This raises the 
question what kind of person man is. A 
solemn question indeed! History answers 
with its terrible record of cruelty, exempli- 
fied from the flint arrow of the stone age, 
which for war was barbed so that it could 
not be extracted, through the war weapons 
of all ages. The Assyrians, when they 
wasted the earth, began that awful sys- 
tem of captivity, which for inflicting suf- 
fering could not be surpassed. In one 
inscription Tiglath-Pileser named thirty 
peoples whom he thus treated, each of 
whom finally became extinct. Only one 

60 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

people ever survived that terrible ordeal 
— the Jews — in their Babylonian captiv- 
ity, and that was because they miracu- 
lously survive everything, as Moses fore- 
told that they would. 

But the acme of cruel and insolent pride 
was reached in the Roman triumph, when 
many brave, high-souled men and women 
were often kept for months, before the 
time came for them to be chained to the 
chariot wheels of the victor and dragged 
till he ascended the Capitoline Hill, when 
they were all basely massacred. But this 
Roman people were hereditary murder- 
ers, who for five centuries had no enter- 
tainment equal to the nightly spectacle 
of many men killing each other in the 
amphitheater. As if that were not enough, 
wild beasts were also kept hungry until 
they were let out to devour men, women, 
and children, whose screams afforded sport 
to the vast multitude of onlookers. It is 

61 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

well-nigh impossible for us now to think 
of a state of society in which Maecenas, 
Horace, Virgil, and other choice guests 
were entertained by that refined literary 
critic, the Senator Asinius Pollio, at a 
banquet in which a species of little fish 
were said to have such an exceptional 
flavor because they were fed on the flesh 
of cut-up slaves. 

Yet we in these days need not wonder at 
these hideous examples of ancient human 
depravity. In our own times the contests 
are changing from war between peoples 
and countries to strife between classes. 
But this change has not touched human 
nature^ What can surpass the cowardly 
and cold-blooded murders of those dyna- 
mite outrages at Los Angeles and other 
places in our land? Outrages which only 
show that men can be as bad now as they 
ever were. 

History proves that nothing so lowers 
62 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

the estimate of the value of human life 
here as a disbelief in man's immortality 
hereafter. The historian Sallust reports a 
speech by Julius Caesar in the Roman Sen- 
ate in which Caesar said that death puts an 
end, and the same end, to all men. Csesar 
himself showed afterwards that he cared 
as little for killing human beings as he 
would swarms of flies. Once in his cam- 
paigns he relates how, after defeating a 
German tribe on the banks of the Rhine, 
he noticed that their wives and children 
were on an island which could be reached 
by his cavalry, whereupon (as Gibbon 
remarks) with cool brevity he adds: 
" For slaughtering them Csesar sent his 
horsemen." But why should this man, 
who, it is estimated, destroyed 1,900,000 
of his fellowmen, care? Slayer and slain 
would all soon end in nothing. 

But this doctrine logically leads to an- 
other conclusion. It is not easy in this 

63 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

world to be good and virtuous, and why, 
therefore, should anyone trouble himself 
about it? The good man will come to the 
same end, and to no better end, than will 
the most abandoned wretch. But where 
is justice, if after death there be no judg- 
ment? 

Viewed from this aspect alone, death 
appears as a kindly angel, whose mission 
is to cut short human evil. A miser does 
not grow less miserly as he grows older, 
but rather each year adds to his avarice. 
And so with ambition. Age hardens man 
in every form of wrong. Therefore, let 
death come to free the world from pro- 
gressive human evil! 

Some theorists would have us believe 
that evil men are punished for their wrong 
in this life, and they point to instances in 
which this is true, but Julius Csesar ac- 
complished whatever he undertook, and 
the ages so abound with those who are 

64 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

like him in intention and in effect^ that 
the ill success of wrong does not have a 
feather's weight with practical men. 

But we were not made to die, answers 
the human heart! Only abnormal and 
diseased minds contradict this. It was on 
this account that when a few men from 
despised Judea came to Rome in the time 
of Nero, a vast multitude, according to 
Tacitus soon joined them. This was be- 
cause they preached not only the universal 
brotherhood of men, but also the glad tid- 
ings of another world, not of death, but of 
eternal life. We must recall what Rome 
then was, and how these men were literally 
as sheep among wolves. Most of them 
therefore were killed. Rut this message 
in time triumphed, despite the bloody op- 
position of the Caesars owing largely to 
the following potent reasons: 

The belief in immortality is instinctive 
with us all, and when the kind of immor- 

65 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

tality which these Judeans preached was 
understood, the appeal became all pre- 
vailing. It was not mere existence in an- 
other world, but existence in a world al- 
ready presaged in this life; for there is 
nothing which here so marks a high de- 
gree of civilization as cooperation. All 
the vast undertakings of our modern 
world could not exist but for cooperation, 
and I have heard Mohammedans wonder 
how men could so trust one another as to 
form a great commercial company. The 
old East India Company, which for so 
long ruled over India's millions, was al- 
ways an enigma to Asiatics. 

But self-seeking and self-aggrandize- 
ment ever strike at the root of coopera- 
tion. Among pure self-seekers coopera- 
tion must be weak or altogether absent. 
It is because for the world beyond, Chris- 
tianity made the first requisite to be the 
denial of self that it promised such great 

66 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

rewards. Ignorant persons sometimes de- 
cry Christianity, because it does promise 
exceeding great rewards; but no one can 
earn these rewards except he deserves 
them. An engineer is paid highly here 
for the erection of some vast structure, not 
because he is an engineer, but because 
men think that he can do it well. And so in 
the world of all cooperation he will be the 
greatest who can help or minister the most 
to others, in imitation of Him who first 
sacrificed himself on the Roman cross. 

Throughout a long life I have heard 
many preachers, but not one whose ser- 
mon had for its text, " Nay but I say 
unto you, except ye repent ye shall all 
likewise perish " (Luke xiii-5) . In these 
impressive words our Lord was referring 
to God's righteous and universal law, 
which is none other than the law of Cause 
and Effect. Everyone admits that this 
law governs the whole material universe, 

67 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

but they may well pause when they think 
that the moral law must be equally uni- 
versal. Pride, cruelty, and every form of 
human evil are caused by a self -prefer- 
ence at the expense of others, and this is 
the centric principle in human nature 
which history proves that man has pos- 
sessed in every age. How can bloody and 
every other kind of crime fail to be the 
outcome of such a characteristic? But 
men have always known of an inner voice 
whose stern accents have made more than 
one Felix tremble. Justice is eternal, as 
even the pagan Roman testifies in his 
saying, " Let justice be done, tho the 
Heavens fall." Yet in this world we do 
not see this principle sufficiently enforced. 
All great races, therefore, have looked for- 
ward to a world of retribution for the 
wicked, and no religion emphasizes like 
Christianity the need of a judgment to 
come. It was only when the church, after 

68 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

that ruinous, so-called conversion of Con- 
stantine, adopted the barbarian concep- 
tions of hell as a place of physical tor- 
ment by consuming fire, that the far more 
awful picture which reason draws was 
wholly obscured. The parable of Dives 
and Lazarus did not teach the doctrine of 
hell fire, but only the impressive lesson 
that the human will can refuse to change 
its conduct even though it be appealed to 
by a messenger from the other world. 
For if they did not believe Moses and the 
prophets, neither will they believe tho one 
should rise from the dead. No picture of 
the imagination can equal that which rea- 
son tells of the inevitable condition of an 
eternal world peopled by the like of 
human beings, unchanged in spirit from 
what they have been on this earth. What 
they would then do without a God to in- 
terfere for the punishment of wrong, can 
only be appreciated after considering the 

69 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

awful record of the history of men's deal- 
ing with one another during the short 
life on this earth. Truly, therefore, did 
our Lord say that no man can enter 
Heaven without he be born again. 



70 



Chapter VII 

CAN LIFE COME INTO EXIST- 
ENCE BY CHANCE? 



Chapter VII 

CAN LIFE COME INTO EXIST- 
ENCE BY CHANCE? 

A consistent materialist maintains that 
the only and ultimate cause of anything 
is Chance. 

Of course he does not mean by this that 
the varied phenomena of physical life do 
not occur according to fixed laws, for that 
would be absurd, but his contention is that 
those same laws came into existence by 
chance and had nothing to do with intel- 
ligent purpose or design. 

This was one reason why the Darwin- 
ian Theory was so enthusiastically wel- 
comed by many writers. Darwin did not 
for a moment assume that his theory ac- 
counted for the origin of life, but only 

73 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

for the Origin of Species. In this he 
entirely ignored the most ancient, stable, 
and largest division of the Kingdom of 
Life, that of the microscopic unicellular 
organism, and he nowhere alludes to it. 
But this Kingdom in the living world is 
characterized by the greatest variety of 
distinct and permanent species. Darwin, 
however, confines himself entirely to the 
multicellular forms which first appeared 
in the Cambrian Period. Starting with 
the immeasurable fecundity of living 
forms illustrated in the seeds of plants 
and the eggs of insects and of fishes, the 
survival of the very few who come to ma- 
turity he ascribed to a fortuitous or chance 
possession by the individual of some spe- 
cial advantage which was better adapted 
to its environment. This was the basic 
principle of his celebrated doctrine of the 
Survival of the Fittest. In other words 

74 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

environment kills off all those not adapted 
to it. 

This doctrine, however, began to show 
many weak points. First its basic prin 
ciple was wholly negative. Natural Se- 
lection produces nothing, but only kills 
off the unfit. When a housewife throws 
away the decaying apples in a barrel, she 
has not created one of the sound apples 
which remain. Moreover unlimited fe- 
cundity rapidly diminishes as we rise in 
the scale, so that mammals give birth not 
to great numbers of offspring, but ordi- 
narily to less than a dozen. 

But the inadequacy of this theory ap- 
pears most when applied to the internal 
organization of animals. An animal does 
not come into being just so. An eye for 
example, must all be accounted for by 
natural selection not as a whole eye, but 
in all its parts and their adjustments to 
the rest of the organ. I once counted the - 

75 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

number of structures which must enter 
into the make-up of a fit human eyelid, 
and they considerably exceeded three hun- 
dred. Now the deficiency of any one of 
these structures would be sure to spoil the 
eye itself, and natural selection could not 
do anything but extinguish all who had 
such incomplete eyelids. But the re- 
mainder of this visual organ is made up 
of structures infinitely more complicated 
than the eyelid, and for each one of these 
natural selection must be rigidly called to 
give the explanation according to its one 
principle. When further it be asked to 
explain all the other parts of the multi- 
cullular body, whether an ear, a lung, or 
a brain, its constant inadequacy has led 
the great majority of biologists to reject 
it altogether. Some scientific investiga- 
tors indeed, especially in Germany, treat 
the Darwinian Theory with unmerited 
ridicule. 

76 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

Sir George Darwin, the son of Charles 
Darwin, in his presidential address to the 
British Association of Science, when it 
met in South Africa in 1905, says that the 
problem of physical life is as inscrutable 
now as ever. Indeed modern science finds 
that problem more and more inscrutable 
in proportion to the progress of investi- 
gations on the subject. One fact alone, 
among others of like import, suffices to 
illustrate this statement, and that is, the 
endless complexity of the chemistry of 
any living thing, or of anything which 
has been produced by vital agency, com- 
pared with the chemistry of things with 
which life has nothing to do. Inorganic 
chemistry, or that which deals with non- 
living substances, is simplicity itself by 
the side of organic or life-originated chem- 
istry. Thus one atom of hydrogen, one 
atom of chlorin, and one atom of sodium 
will make one molecule of sodium chlorid 

77 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

or common salt. These three separate 
atoms might possibly come together by 
chance — that only deity of the materialist 
— anywhere where these atoms exist, say in 
the planet Saturn. But for any animal 
on this earth, with red blood, it must, in 
order to live, have in its blood cells that 
definite substance called hemoglobin. 
Now a molecule of hemoglobin must con- 
tain the following number of different 
atoms in their due proportions, namely, 
of hydrogen atoms, 1,130; of carbon 
atoms, 712; of nitrogen, 214; of oxygen, 
245 ; of sulfur, 2 ; and of iron, 1, or 2,304 
atoms in all. Moreover, if that one atom 
of iron, in its peculiar relation to the rest 
("masked," as some physiologists say), 
were left out, the animal could neither ab- 
sorb oxygen nor give off carbonic acid, 
in other words, it could not breathe. I 
once asked a well-known physiological 
chemist, himself of German extraction 

78 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 
and educated in Germany, how could' 
those atoms in a molecule of hemoglobin 
thus come together by chance? His brief 
reply was, "D — n chance!" 

It would be tedious to cite the number- 
less illustrations of special adaptations on 
the part of the different organs of the 
body in their functions, or working, any 
.one of which can be shown to be necessary 
for the continuance of life. We will 
therefore only allude to the absolute de- 
pendence of life on the healthy perform- 
ance of their duties by four small and 
widely separated organs called the duct- 
less glands, because they discharge their 
secretions directly into the blood and not 
like other glands through ducts. These 
glands are the adrenals ; the peculiar struc- 
tures embedded in the pancreas called the 
Islands of Langerhans, after their discov- 
erer; the thyroid gland, and lastly the 
Pituitary Gland. It has not yet been 

79 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

demonstrated, but it is strongly suspected 
that both the liver and the kidneys also 
possess structures which add internal se- 
cretions of their own to the blood. 

To understand what part the adrenals 
take, we must first state that we have three 
great nervous systems, namely, the brain, 
the Spinal Cord, and the Great Sympa- 
thetic. This last, or the Sympathetic, is 
for the purposes of life, the most impor- 
tant of the three. The poor brain may rea- 
son and argue all in vain about a love 
aff air, for that matter belongs exclusively 
to the Sympathetic, and is one reason for 
its name, because it governs the emotions 
and feelings. Now it happens that at an 
early period in fetal life a twig of the 
sympathetic begins to roll on itself like a 
ball of twine till it finally breaks away 
from its parent nerve and taking to itself 
a capsule it then adheres to the top of the 

80 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

kidney on each side for life. These two 
small glands therefore are called the 
adrenals, but they are more essential to 
life than the kidneys themselves, for both 
kidneys may be surgically removed with- 
out the animal dying so promptly as when 
the adrenals are cut away. Slow destruc- 
tion by tuberculosis, for example, of the 
adrenals causes that remarkable and fatal 
disorder called Addison's Disease from 
the English physician who first demon- 
strated its dependence on derangements 
of the adrenals. The sufferers die from 
pure debility, and often the skin becomes 
strangely discolored. Now the adrenals 
make nothing less than a veritable drug 
called adrenalin which is now sold over 
the counter like any other drug, and 
which possesses very valuable properties. 
Among others it can arrest the progress 
of Addison's Disease so long as it is taken 

81 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

in daily doses, as I in common with other 
physicians have prescribed in several cases 
of this affection. 

But it should be noted that branches of 
the sympathetic ramify on the coats of the 
arteries of the body, and whose office is to 
contract the arteries or to relax them ac- 
cording to the time needs of the different 
organs. Thus the stomach requires nine 
times as much blood when it is digesting 
food than when it is empty, and its vaso- 
motor branches of the sympathetic, as they 
are called, perform all this most impor- 
tant duty of blood distribution. But in 
Addison's Disease these vasomotor nerves 
are paralyzed from deficiency of adrenalin 
in the blood, and we can remedy this by 
giving this nature-made drug. 

The Islands of Langerhans, on the 
other hand, are peculiar structures consist- 
ing of special cells making isolated, but as 

82 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

now demonstrated, very important little 
glands whose secretion is discharged di- 
rectly into the blood like the secretion of 
the adrenals. 

These glands are embedded in the body 
of the pancreas, but they have nothing to 
do with the secretion of that vital organ, 
for this is discharged into the intestine 
through its own duct. A wasting of the 
Islands of Langerhans at once causes an 
incurable form of that fatal disease called 
Diabetes Mellitus, in which bread, called 
the staff of life, becomes a virulent poison. 
Diabetics, therefore, not only cannot eat 
bread, but also no sugar nor starches in 
any form, and they are very apt to die in 
a kind of coma caused by a too acid con- 
dition of the blood. 

TKe functions of the thyroid gland in 
the neck are very obscure. They have to 
do mainly with the needs of the body dur- 

83 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

ing the reproductive period of life, for 
after that time is over they waste away. 
All that we can otherwise observe is that 
atrophy of this gland in early or middle 
life is accompanied by a great secretion 
of a mucouslike fluid in all the tissues of 
the body, resembling dropsy, and causing 
a serious depression of nervous functions, 
particularly of the mind. This condition 
is now successfully treated by administer- 
ing extracts of the thyroid glands of sheep 
or of pigs. But other affections of the 
thyroid have given rise to a greater num- 
ber of treatises or monographs than on 
any other subject in medical literature, 
those on Graves's Disease of the thyroid 
alone already amounting to two thousand. 
In the course of these investigations a 
number of little glands have been found 
embedded in the body of the thyroid which 
are called parathyroids. When these are 

84 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

removed the animals die from tetanic con- 
vulsions, provided that they are not too 
old, because old dogs, for example, can 
have the whole thyroid removed without 
bad effects. 

But the most remarkable structure in 
the body is the Pituitary Gland, which is 
situated in a little depression in the most 
solid of bones, at the base of the skull. 
This depression is called from its shape 
the sella turcica, or Turkish saddle. 
This little gland weighs on the average 
only five grains, and is divided into two 
parts, only the anterior of which seems to 
be endowed with its exceptional proper- 
ties. Stimulation of this gland by the 
proximity of a tumor, for example, causes 
frightful deformities in the growth of 
bones, especially of the face, and in the 
development of the joints of the hands and 
feet. If these changes begin early in life 
they lead to gigantism, some of these per- 

85 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

sons growing to over seven feet in height. 
On the other hand atrophy or wasting of 
the pituitary leads to infantilism, or 
dwarfing of the body, with general arrest 
of growth in mind as well as in body. The 
pituitary gland from its solitary position 
at the center of the skull was once sup- 
posed to be the seat of the soul. But how 
it produces its widespread effects we have 
no conception. 

We have adduced enough to show that 
the growth of an animal body with all its 
parts and their functions is wholly sui 
( generis, or of its own kind. There is noth- 
ing in the laws of physics or of chemistry 
which in the least approaches or explains 
what life is. And when we remember that 
everything which lives, whether a giant 
sequoia in the vegetable kingdom, or an 
elephant or rhinoceros in the animal world, 
have each to begin their individual growth 

86 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

from a microscopic dot, which dot never- 
theless contains all the past story of the 
living growth and every part of its fu- 
ture frame, how can we say that all this 
comes by soulless and mindless chance? 



81 



Chapter VIII 

RESURRECTION OF THE 
BODY 



Chapter VIII 

RESURRECTION OF THE 
BODY 

We are told that if we do not believe in 
the resurrection of the body our faith in 
Christ is vain (1 Cor., xv: 13-14). In 
other words the body of Christ died as 
surely and as naturally as any other hu- 
man body dies, but it came to life again so 
that He truly rose from the dead. We are 
not left to doubt that this statement was 
the very foundation of the belief in Christ 
by the whole Church in the days of the 
Apostles. 

Before we go further we should recog- 
nize how natural it was that the Resurrec- 
tion of Jesus should outweigh all other 
doctrines about His personality. There 

91 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

is nothing so universal or so certain as 
death, nor anything so desolating to the 
human heart. What, therefore, could be 
so welcome as the Glad Tidings of the 
Resurrection of our Lord from the dead? 

We should put ourselves in the place of 
the Apostles, and after seeing a dear 
friend of ours unmistakably die and be 
buried in his grave before our own eyes, 
what would the effect then be upon us 
if after three days he appeared to us as 
unquestionably alive again? Our whole 
lives would thereafter be wholly changed. 
We would then know that death does not 
end all, but that beyond death there is the 
world of Life. All the concerns of this 
short life on earth would then shrink into 
insignificance. 

Something like this must have occurred 
to explain the remarkable and permanent 
change which took place in the thinking 
and in the doing of those men at that time 

92 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

and place, which change lasted with them 
to the end of their days. They were per- 
fectly sincere and good men. All admit 
that. Nor did anything in their subse- 
quent course ever shake their conviction 
in its truth. For it was not based upon a 
single or isolated apparition. " To whom 
He also showed Himself alive after His 
passion by many proofs, appearing unto 
them by the space of forty days and speak- 
ing of things concerning the Kingdom 
of God" (Acts i: 3). 

Subsequently, whether addressing com- 
mon or learned men, or when arraigned 
before governors or kings as their Master 
had foretold, the resurrection of Jesus 
was their unvarying theme. " O King 
Agrippa," exclaimed Paul, " why should 
it be incredible to you if God should raise 
the dead? " Previously on Mars Hill, 
when confronting the curious and skepti- 
cal philosophers who were gathered to 

93 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

hear him, he spoke of the resurrection of 
Jesus, whereupon some naturally mocked. 

But so it was from the beginning. 
Only a few days had passed, when upon 
the arrest of Jesus his disciples tell us 
that they all forsook Him and fled for 
their lives. Their spokesman Peter from 
the same fear three times swore that he 
knew nothing about Him. But after the 
Resurrection they were wholly altered into 
the boldest of men. We can scarcely im- 
agine the awe with which common persons 
whose Galilean dialect at once betrayed 
their origin, would feel, when brought be- 
fore the national Senate or Sanhedrin to 
face the charge that they laid the murder 
of their Master on those same high offi- 
cials. Yet they did this without hesita- 
tion, and they were therefore scourged 
for it. 

But we may be told that often there is 
94 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

no accounting for the vagaries of human 
conduct or beliefs. Our knowledge pro- 
ceeds wholly from experience, and a story 
which is contrary to all human experience 
must, on its very face, be improbable. 

But we cannot so dismiss the Resurrec- 
tion, because the fullest and most detailed 
account of it was written long before the 
narratives of the four Gospels. St. Paul 
wrote the fifteenth chapter of First Co- 
rinthians as near the time of the Resurrec- 
tion as we in America now are to the last 
Presidential term of Mr. Cleveland. He 
says that our Lord appeared at one time 
to above five hundred men, the greater 
part of whom were living when he wrote, 
while some had fallen asleep. He then 
mentions five other appearances at differ- 
ent times and to different persons, the 
last being when He appeared to Paul 
himself, whereupon the persecuting Saul 

95 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

changed finally into the great Apostle 
Paul until he bowed his head to the 
Roman ax. 

The doctrine of the resurrection of the 
body was by the Pharisees and by our 
Lord Himself held to be the same with 
what we term human immortality. The 
body, therefore, is as deathless as the 
soul (Matt, xxii: 31-32; Mark xii: 26-27; 
Luke xx : 35-38). 

But the very important statement fol- 
lows that flesh and blood cannot inherit 
the Kingdom of God nor doth corruption 
inherit incorruption ! (1 Corinthians 15- 
50.) The risen body, therefore, cannot be 
like the body which we know, for that is 
composed of flesh and blood, and with no 
other kind of body have we yet any ac- 
quaintance. But he goes on to explain in 
the words, " It is sown a natural (or phys- 
ical body), it is raised a spiritual body," 
while he further adds that the physical 

96 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

body is sown in weakness to be raised as a 
spiritual body in power. 

Here he hears one say, How are the 
dead raised and with what body do they 
come? Paul loses patience with this ques- 
tion, and appeals to the greatest mystery 
of physical life — a seed. Nothing could 
be more unlike a seed than the grown 
product which comes from it. Unless it 
were actually shown to be so, no one 
would think of connecting the two to- 
gether. 

But Paul could not then have imagined 
how modern science would strengthen his 
comparison. He looked upon the seed of 
a common grain as the ultimate living 
reality, whereas we now know that the 
living germ within the seed is incalculably 
smaller. The unicellular germ of a tow- 
ering oak is as much smaller than the 
acorn which contains it, as the acorn it- 
self is smaller than the oak. But so it is 

97 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

in every form of life, whether plant or 
animal. Every elephant and every whale 
begins its individual existence with a ma- 
terial dot, barely visible by a high-power 
microscope. Yet in that vanishing speck of 
matter its future body all exists, for the 
whale cannot finally grow into a fish, be- 
cause whales are mammals, and therefore 
separated by an impassable biological gulf 
from all fishes. 

These are facts which only science could 
make credible. The argument, therefore, 
is this: The human body has already 
passed through as great and marvelous, 
yet always connected, changes here as that 
final change at the Resurrection. The 
Almighty who has decreed those changes 
in the body of this life can equally order 
that final change in the body of the life 
to come. 

But through all those changes nothing 
is altogether new, but rather actually 

98 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

connected with what preceded it, so that 
each seed has its own body given to it. 
During Jts earthly life the human body 
is incessantly changing its materials, but 
always under the control of one unseen 
agency. If we saw a great building con- 
stantly changing the stones of which it is 
made as they were worn out, and new ones 
appearing, each according to its proper 
place, so that a stone forming part of an 
arch is never found in a straight wall, we 
would conclude that an architect unseen 
by us was superintending it all. And so 
it is that all our bodily changes are under 
the most rigid supervision. " Even the 
very hairs of your head are numbered," 
says our Lord, 

But what is this invisible architect? 
None other than the real and true body 
within us, given to us from the beginning. 
The New Testament, therefore, warns us 

99 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

from committing sins against the body, 
for they are not forgiven. Physicians well 
know what these sins are, and that they 
are often visited upon the third and 
fourth generations till that stock becomes 
extinct. 

The accounts which the Gospels give 
of our Lord's actions after the Resurrec- 
tion when He asked His disciples to reach 
forth their hands and learn for them- 
selves that He was not a spirit or ghost, 
are given for us to know that the preva- 
lent conceptions of the dead being ghosts 
or shades without substantial existence 
were forever wrong. The glorious truth 
is that in Heaven our living bodies will 
be more real and our own selves more per- 
sonal and recognizable than ever in this 
present clouded and imperfect being. All 
Christians, therefore, should comfort 
themselves about their dead with the words 
100 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

written in Paul's earliest epistle: " For if 
we believe that Jesus died and rose again, 
even so them also which are fallen asleep 
in Jesus will God bring with Him" (1 
Thess. iv: 14). 



101 



Chapter IX 

HEAVEN AS DESCRIBED IN 
THE BIBLE 



Chapter IX 

HEAVEN AS DESCRIBED IN 
THE BIBLE 

Tho, as we have seen, a belief in the con- 
tinuance of life after death is universal in 
the human race, the Christian religion 
differs from all others in its teachings of 
the conditions of the Future State. 

Men naturally have tried to picture to 
themselves what those conditions are by 
the help of the imagination. Now the im- 
agination is purely an earthly faculty 
which can draw its pictures only with ma- 
terials furnished by earthly experience. 
Scenes of which no earthly vision can 
catch a glimpse are quite beyond our pic- 
turing. Men, therefore, in all ages and 
everywhere have represented the future 
105 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

world as more or less a reproduction of 
this world. 

Thus the ancient Egyptian, as we have 
said, dwelt in thought more on the next 
world than he did on this. But he was 
going to another Egypt whose broad 
fields with their rich productions, and 
whose whole life, indeed, was but a dupli- 
cate of that in the Valley of the Nile. 

Among the Greeks, Homer first pic- 
tured the coming world as a very gloomy 
place, not to be mentioned by the side of 
this for light and joy. Poets and philoso- 
phers, however, later substituted for his 
great subterranean abode the Isles of the 
Blessed and the Elysian Fields, both de- 
rived from their Egean Archipelago, or 
the fair slopes of Arcadia. 

But the most earthly of all creations 
was Mohammed's paradise. Here every- 
thing sensual which would appeal special- 
ly to the Arab mind was given in the 

106 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

minutest detail, including new female be- 
ings called houris, who would there con- 
stitute an eternal harem. 

In the Old Testament we first meet 
with that reticence about the scenes of the 
next world which is still more characteris- 
tic of the New Testament. So strikingly 
is this the case that some writers have 
maintained that the old Hebrews were 
like the later Sadducees in altogether de- 
nying the existence of another world, or 
at best in believing in a dark Sheol as the 
abode of the dead, quite in keeping with 
Homer's conception. But they thus 
ignore those beautiful passages which 
read, " I will bless the Lord who hath 
given me counsel. Therefore my heart is 
glad. For Thou wilt not leave my soul 
to Sheol. Thou wilt show me the path of 
life. In Thy presence is fulness of joy. 
In Thy right hand are pleasures forever- 
more " (Ps. xvi, R. V.: 7-11 inclusive). 
107 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

" Deliver my soul from the wicked by 
Thy sword. From men of the world whose 
portion is in this life. As for me, I shall 
behold Thy face in righteousness. I shall 
be satisfied when I wake with Thy like- 
ness " (Ps. xvii, R. V.: 13-15) . Also an- 
other psalmist, " Tho I walk through the 
valley of the shadow of death, I will fear 
no evil, for Thou art with me. Surely, 
goodness and mercy shall follow me all 
the days of my life, and I will dwell in 
the house of the Lord forever " (Ps. xxiii, 
R. V.: 4-6). Also another, "Neverthe- 
less I am continually with Thee. Thou 
shalt guide me with Thy counsel and af- 
terwards receive me to glory " (Ps. lxxxiii, 
R. V.: 23-26). 

Still more remarkable, considering 
how insatiable human curiosity is on this 
subject, is the reticence of the New Testa- 
ment. Apart from the accounts describ- 
ing the appearances of our Lord after His 

108 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

resurrection, and which, after all, were in 
earthly surroundings, the only glimpse 
given us about conditions in Heaven is the 
narrative of the Transfiguration. There 
we learn the precious truth of personal 
recognition in the future world. Moses 
was Moses, and Elijah was Elijah, tho 
separated by centuries in their life here. 

All the many writers of the New Testa- 
ment refrain from describing any place or 
places in Heaven till we come to its last 
book, that of Revelation. But in it we 
immediately find that everything is hid- 
den under an impenetrable veil of meta- 
phor. It begins with the appearance of 
seven great lights on their golden stands. 
But these are seven Christian churches 
lighting up the thick darkness of the 
world around them. The book then ends 
with a glorious city whose walls are built 
with precious stones and with gates of 
pearl. But we soon read that it cannot 
109 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

be a literal city, but instead is a great so- 
ciety of perfected persons, and also is the 
Bride of the Lamb. 

Thus in great contrast with other re- 
ligions the Bible, whether in the Old or 
New Testament, says next to nothing 
about where we shall be in the coming 
world. In all other religions place is 
everything, and all their descriptions are 
those of place. 

But instead of place and its circum- 
stances, nothing can be more full than the 
Bible in telling us with Whom we there 
shall be. We shall indeed meet there with 
minds and persons, and above all we shall 
be in the immediate presence of God Him- 
self! 

The fullest description of Heaven in 
the Bible is to be found in the Sermon 
on the Mount. Read between the lines 
it proves to be an account of the King- 
dom of Heaven, and not of a heavenly 
110 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

kingdom on earth. It begins with all that 
need be said about God whom we shall 
meet there. " Blessed are they that 
mourn, for they shall be comforted." 
But comforted by Whom? This is, and 
always has been the world of those who 
mourn, and often mourn from no fault of 
theirs. These words are not limited, but 
will include those millions of women in 
Asia and in Africa whose lot is so mourn- 
ful, just because they were born there. So 
they include those multitudes everywhere 
whose sufferings often appear so mys- 
teriously contrary to the ordering of a 
good Providence. But these words tell 
us that for all such mourners there is to 
come an explanation, and it will be a 
glad explanation. 

So the Sermon goes on describing Who 
and What God is, and no description could 
be more attractive. " Blessed are they 
111 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

who do hunger and thirst after righteous- 
ness, for they shall be filled." Again by 
Whom? — except by Him who is the 
blessed source of all righteousness. 
" Blessed are the peacemakers, for they 
shall be called the children of God," be- 
cause children resemble their father. Like- 
wise no one can, like a hypocrite, pray 
to Him, while he prays to be seen of men. 
So He who gives freely and to all His 
children, who sends His rain alike on the 
just and on the unjust, is not like those 
men who sound the trumpet in the streets 
and draw attention to their gifts. In our 
times men have a much longer trumpet 
than the Pharisees could blow through, in 
the shape of the modern newspaper, " But 
verily they have their reward," by then 
having the trained beggars of a continent 
crowding to their doors. All true prayers 
instead are to be privately addressed to the 
God who will see to their being answered. 
112 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

" Be ye therefore perfect as your Heav- 
enly Father is perfect." 

But the description goes on to include 
the redeemed ones of the human race 
whom we shall meet there. Men are not 
to harbor any resentment here, for either 
insult or oppression, because resentment 
and anger or revenge will have no place 
in the Kingdom of Him who is the God of 
Peace. 

The absolute necessity, if one would en- 
ter Heaven, of freedom from every trace 
of enmity in his heart is further expressed 
in the Sermon on the Mount by giving this 
the precedence in all religious observances. 
" Leave there thy gift at the altar, and go 
first and be reconciled unto thy brother, 
and then offer thy gift." Still more sol- 
emnly is this duty enjoined in the Lord's 
prayer itself. " For if ye forgive men 
not their trespasses, neither will your 

113 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

Heavenly Father forgive your tres- 
passes." 

We often hear the Sermon on the 
Mount spoken of as a merely ethical dis- 
course, teaching men how they are to be- 
have to one another in this world. As if 
men needed to be informed about such 
commonplace truths! Men everywhere 
know what they ought to do in such mat- 
ters, and the world is full of books on good 
morals, from the writings of that wretched 
sycophant Seneca down. What is it that 
makes all such discourse nothing better 
than talk compared with the profound 
effect on this human world of the Sermon 
on the Mount? It is because of the as- 
tonishing tone of authority of Him who 
spoke these words as a divine messenger 
by God to reveal Himself to men, and to 
teach what they must be, to enter after 
death, the blessed world beyond. 

The other writers in the New Testa- 
114 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

ment never lose sight of the next world 
even when enjoining how the Christian 
should live here. But what a world it is 
which they speak of! What is its glory 
which so often is their theme? Here in 
this world the word glory suggests some- 
thing spectacular, which ministers to 
pride, and for such earthly glory this 
world has often been drenched with blood. 
But in the Bible the glory of God is never 
apart from His goodness. " Let your 
light so shine before men that they may see 
your good works and glorify," not you, 
but " your Father who is in Heaven." As 
if all men's good works are due to His 
prompting. So will it be forever when 
men shall stand before their Father in 
Heaven, evermore shining through their 
good works. 

We now see that man is worth saving. 
Some may think that man is insignificant 
enough as he dwells on this little earth, 
115 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

which is as but a grain of sand among the 
great stars in the sky above him. But 
every world of matter shrinks to insig- 
nificance before one immortal mind, and 
when that deathless mind is a human 
mind, endowed with all the capacities 
which he took with him from this world, 
imagination fails to picture such a being 
occupied with things of eternity. 

God cannot, as He willingly would, be- 
stow all His good things on man here in 
this world, because such prosperity would 
ruin him. What good therefore man can 
gain here, he must appreciate first by its 
cost in labor. But labor from the begin- 
ning is a curse. When in Heaven a man 
shall be so changed, that being rich toward 
God will never injure him, he will then 
freely inherit those true riches which never 
can be lost because they are so inherent 
and personal. 

Why, then, need we be told what sort 
116 



LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY 

of a place Heaven is? Here on this poor 
earth a place is a garden or a desert 
according to those who live there. By 
Nature, Asia Minor is one of the fairest 
countries on earth, yet now it is covered 
with ruins, because in it both robbery and 
murder are considered honorable. But in 
the blessed world beyond there will be op- 
portunities without end for the develop- 
ment of human excellence in the service 
of Our Heavenly Father. 



117 



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Translated from the French by Smith Ely Jelliffe, M.D., Professor 
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The Unity of Mind 

Psycho-Pathology 



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